做一个商用Linux发行版，需要支持各种相关标准，这些标准一般都在Linux Foundation管辖之下，研究了一下，Linux的主标准是POSIX，然后就是基于POSIX的LSB（兼容性标准），此外的有4个主要的领域：实时Linux、嵌入式、云原生、存储；3个主要的行业：电信级Linux、驾驶级Linux、物联网等。但是新型的领域并没有形成标准，还停留在最佳实践、甚至孵化阶段。

 

 

1、LSB（Linux Standard Base）= 需认证：这是各个Linux发行版商量出来的二进制接口（ABI），基于POSIX，包括文件系统、SUS等等。LSB也成为了国际标准，ISO/IEC 23360 and ISO/IEC TR 24715 can be freely downloaded from ISO website。目前是LSB 5.0。注意到5.0的Release Notes指向的还是4.1版本的，看来目前热度不高。此外，在LSB 1.0中定义了相关的各种标准。http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_1.0.0/gLSB/rstandards.html

 

The goal of the LSB is to develop and promote a set of open standards that will increase compatibility among Linux distributions and enable software applications to run on any compliant system even in binary form. In addition, the LSB will help coordinate efforts to recruit software vendors to port and write products for Linux Operating Systems.

 

 

2、CGL（Carrier Grade Linux） = 需认证：定义了一组让基于Linux内核的OS可以称之为电信级（5-6个9）操作系统的规范，包括可用性、可伸缩性、可管理性和响应时间。OSDL CGLWG开发了CGL，并定义了3个场景：（1）网关型应用（2）信令型应用，支持10000+大并发链接（3）管理型应用。目前也是5.0版本

 

Carrier-grade is a term for public network telecommunications products that require up to 5 nines or 6 nines (or 99.999 to 99.9999 percent) availability, which translates to downtime per year of 30 seconds (6 nines) to 5 minutes (5 nines). The term “5 nines” is usually associated with carrier-class servers, while “6 nines” is usually associated with carrier-class switches.

 

3、AGL（Automotive Grade Linux）= 未稳定：In 2013, collaborative open source project developing a Linux-based, open platform for the connected car that can serve as the de facto standard for the industry

 

On June 30, 2014, AGL announced their first release, which was based on Tizen IVI and was primarily for demo applications.^[29] AGL expanded the first reference platform with the Unified Code Base (UCB) distribution.^[30] The first UCB release, nicknamed Agile Albacore, was released in January 2016 and leverages software components from AGL, Tizen and GENIVI Alliance. UCB 2.0, nicknamed Brilliant Blowfish, was made available in July 2016 and included new features like rear seat display, video playback, audio routing and application framework.^[31] UCB 3.0, or Charming Chinook^[32] was released in January 2017. AGL plans to support additional use cases such as instrument clusters and telematics systems.

 

4、CNCF（Cloud Native Computing Foundation）= 未标准化：In 2015, promote containers. It was announced with Kubernetes 1.0, an open source container cluster manager, which was contributed to the foundation by Google as a seed technology. Founding members included Google, Twitter, Huawei, Intel, Cisco, IBM, Docker, Univa, and VMware. In order to establish qualified representatives of the technologies governed by the CNCF, a program was announced at the inaugural CloudNativeDay in Toronto in August, 2016.  Serial entrepreneur Dan Kohn, who also helped launch CII, is the project’s current executive director.^[38]

 

相关信息：

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Foundation
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base
4. https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/linux
5. https://www.linuxtoday.com/
6. https://www.linuxfoundation.org/
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_Grade_Linux
8. http://www.linux-foundation.org/en/Carrier_Grade_Linux
9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Foundation